The Land of Egypt

Apart from the Nile River, the rest of the land of Egypt was very dry. But, since there was no rain, the only supply of water was the river. Many physical features protected Egypt. The main feature that protected Egypt was the desert. There were cataracts which protected Egypt from attacking ships. Cataracts are strong rapids that blew the attacking ships away. The desert isolated Egypt from other civilizations.
The Egyptians planted wheat, barley, and flax seeds. During the drier times, the Egyptians irrigated their crops. They dug canals, so the water could flow through the crops. Over time, the Egyptians invented something called a shadoof. This was a bucket attached to a pole, which is used to carry water from the Nile, and empty it into the basins. The Egyptians also used a reed plant called papyrus. They used this to make paper. 

Papyrus

Shadoof